Mpox Outbreak Declared a Global Health Emergency by WHO

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently categorized the escalating mpox outbreak in Africa as a “public health emergency of international concern,” a designation previously reserved for crises like Ebola, COVID-19, and a 2022 mpox outbreak in Europe. This declaration comes as the virus, which has already impacted numerous African countries, threatens to provoke a significant global health crisis.

Source: Al Jazeera English/YouTube

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is an infectious disease that begins with flu-like symptoms such as fever and muscle aches, followed by a distinctive rash that progresses from raised spots to fluid-filled blisters. The virus has two main strains: Clade I, known for a higher mortality rate, and Clade II. Currently, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is witnessing a severe outbreak with over 14,000 reported cases and 524 deaths this year alone, marking a significant increase from last year.

The WHO’s emergency declaration aims to accelerate international and local responses, including improved access to testing, vaccines, and treatments. It also seeks to address the stigma associated with the virus and bolster public health campaigns. Dr. Jean Kaseya, Director of the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, emphasized the urgency of mobilizing resources to tackle the escalating situation effectively.

The virus is spreading rapidly across borders, with new infections reported in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda. A recent mutation, clade Ib, has been identified as a significant contributor to the spread, transmitting more readily between people through various forms of contact, including sexual interactions.

The ongoing outbreak is compounded by regional insecurity and environmental changes, which have brought humans closer to natural habitats, increasing the likelihood of virus transmission. Notably, children under 15 have been disproportionately affected, with over 70% of the cases and 85% of the deaths in Congo occurring in this age group, attributed partly to malnourishment and lack of prior vaccination against similar viruses.

While vaccines are available, supply issues have severely limited accessibility, with Africa CDC reporting a need for 10 million doses against the mere 200,000 currently available. The WHO has facilitated an emergency use listing for two vaccines, enabling organizations like Gavi and Unicef to distribute them.

The global response to the outbreak is crucial as mpox continues to pose a significant health threat, not just in Africa but potentially worldwide.

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