Remembering Frans de Waal: The Scientist Who Explored the Moral Lives of Apes

The world of primatology and beyond mourns the loss of Professor Frans de Waal, a pioneering figure who demonstrated that morality and complex emotions are not exclusive to humans but shared across species, particularly apes. De Waal passed away at the age of 75 due to stomach cancer, leaving behind a legacy that challenges the way we perceive the animal kingdom and our place within it.

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De Waal’s groundbreaking research at Emory University and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center debunked the notion of “instinct” as the sole driver of animal behavior. He argued for a continuum of evolutionary adaptation that spans from crows to humans, suggesting that emotions serve essential functions for survival. His assertion that “uniquely human emotions don’t exist” underlines the shared heritage and complexity of sentient life on Earth.

His storytelling prowess and scientific acumen made de Waal a popular figure far beyond academic circles. His books, including bestsellers like “Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?” and “Mama’s Last Hug,” have captivated readers worldwide by revealing the sophisticated emotional and moral lives of apes. These works have sparked discussions across various fields, influencing thinkers and creators alike.

De Waal’s observations, such as chimpanzees extending a hand in peace after conflict or bonobos aiding injured birds, highlight a capacity for empathy, fairness, and even culture among primates. These findings challenge the view of human exceptionalism and suggest that morality has deep evolutionary roots.

Critics of de Waal’s work accused him of anthropomorphism, but he countered that this criticism stems from an entrenched human exceptionalism unwilling to acknowledge the similarities between humans and other animals. For de Waal, understanding these connections offers hope for a more humane society, grounded not in the variability of culture, politics, or religion, but in our shared biological heritage.

As the world reflects on Frans de Waal’s contributions, his work continues to inspire a reevaluation of the human relationship with the animal world. By highlighting the rich emotional and moral lives of apes, de Waal has paved the way for a deeper appreciation of all sentient beings and the bonds that connect us across the vast tapestry of life.

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