20-year Study Reveals Effectiveness of Protecting Congo Bonobo Population

For the first time, scientists have an accurate estimate of how many bonobos live in Africa’s largest protected forest, Salonga National Park. This sprawling expanse of pristine forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is home to between 8,000 and 18,000 adult bonobos, according to a 20-year study by 48 researchers. These findings are critical, as bonobos, found only in the Congo Basin, face threats like deforestation and hunting in much of their range.

Salonga stands out as a safe haven for the species. Unlike other regions, it has remained free from large-scale logging and poaching. Yet, until now, no study had comprehensively surveyed its vast 33,000-square-kilometer terrain. Barbara Fruth of the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior explains, “the unique thing about Salonga is that it is the only place where surveys have been repeated in the same areas,” making it a unique site for long-term population analysis.

The research, published in the International Journal of Primatology, consolidates data from 13 surveys conducted between 2000 and 2018. The results indicate that while the bonobo population has been relatively stable over the years, slight declines in density and distribution suggest a need for ongoing vigilance.

Primary forest cover emerged as a critical factor for bonobo survival, while proximity to human settlements often had a negative impact. However, some communities near the park played a positive role. For instance, local cultural taboos in certain southern villages discourage bonobo hunting, contributing to their protection. Additionally, ranger stations were linked to higher bonobo densities, highlighting the role of law enforcement in deterring poachers.

The study emphasizes the importance of preserving forests and bolstering Conservation efforts. “Preserving forest and investing in law enforcement has concrete benefits for bonobo Conservation,” explains Fruth. The researchers hope these findings will inspire greater international investment in Salonga and similar protected areas to ensure the survival of these endangered great apes.

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