The European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has long been criticized for its disproportionate Support of animal farming over plant-based agriculture. A recent study published in Nature Food highlights just how skewed this Support truly is, revealing that more than 80% of public subsidies under the CAP in 2013 went to animal products, despite their significant environmental and societal impacts.
The study, conducted by researchers at Leiden University, sheds light on the consequences of this funding disparity. Not only does it make polluting diets artificially cheap, but it also perpetuates inefficient land use and exacerbates environmental degradation. Livestock farming, which consumes vast amounts of land and resources while contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, receives the lion’s share of subsidies, despite its negative impacts on biodiversity and Climate change.
Paul Behrens, one of the study’s co-authors, emphasizes the urgency of addressing this issue, particularly in the context of the EU’s ambitious goal to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. He argues that continuing to prioritize animal agriculture over more sustainable alternatives contradicts the EU’s environmental objectives and exacerbates the environmental crisis.
Despite some criticism and caution from experts regarding the study’s estimates of subsidies to animal products, its findings underscore the need for reforming the CAP to align with sustainability goals. While the EU has taken steps in this direction, such as setting aside a quarter of direct CAP payments for eco-schemes aimed at promoting environmentally friendly farming practices, there is still much work to be done.
The study’s release comes at a critical time when European governments are facing pressure to balance environmental concerns with the interests of the agricultural sector. Recent policy developments, including the watering down of green initiatives in response to farmer protests, highlight the challenges of enacting meaningful reform.
Moving towards healthier and more sustainable diets requires not only policy changes but also Support for farmers transitioning to more environmentally friendly practices. Marco Springmann, a researcher at Oxford University, emphasizes the importance of providing farmers with the necessary Support for a just transition that benefits both people and the planet.

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