Climate Change’s Extreme Heat Exacerbates Pollution and Indian Artisans Suffer for It

Hariram Bopa, an artisan living in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, faces a daily struggle against the smoke that fills his one-room house. He crafts ravanhattas, ancient wooden bowed string instruments, using fire to heat iron rods for drilling. This process not only sustains his livelihood but also brings back memories of his late father, Ugmaram, who warned that the smoke would eventually be their undoing. Ugmaram passed away 15 years ago due to chronic asthma, and now at 42, Hariram is beginning to experience the same health issues.

Hariram’s work environment is filled with hazardous pollutants from wood fires, such as particulate matter and volatile organic compounds. These pollutants pose a significant health risk, causing respiratory issues that are now exacerbated by global Climate change. Rising temperatures and increased Pollution levels are contributing to a higher incidence of lung damage worldwide. In India, the situation is particularly dire, with extreme heat and Pollution intensifying health problems.

The health risks associated with air pollution are well-documented. Studies have shown that short-term exposure to pollutants like PM2.5, especially when combined with extreme heat, significantly increases the risk of death. PM2.5 particles are small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to severe respiratory and cardiovascular issues. The combination of high temperatures and air Pollution creates a deadly synergy, overwhelming the body’s natural defenses.

In another part of India, Narayan Desai, a 66-year-old shehnai maker, faces similar challenges. He heats iron rods with firewood to craft the traditional clarinet-like instrument. Despite suffering from severe respiratory issues and a heart attack, Desai continues his work, unable to afford cleaner energy alternatives. His health has deteriorated to the point where he can no longer play the instruments he creates.

The economic pressures on these artisans are immense. Hariram spends 15 days making a single ravanhatta, which sells for a modest price. The demand for these instruments is low, and the income generated is insufficient to invest in cleaner, safer methods of production. The extreme heat during the summer months further reduces tourism, impacting their sales and livelihood.

The younger generation is increasingly reluctant to enter this line of work due to the associated health risks. The traditional knowledge and skills required to make these instruments are at risk of disappearing as fewer people are willing to take on the dangers involved.

Experts highlight the urgent need for government intervention to reduce emissions and combat rising temperatures. Strengthening air quality monitoring systems and providing early warnings about extreme weather events are crucial steps. Additionally, routine health checkups and timely access to medication for vulnerable populations are essential to mitigate the health impacts.

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