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Cats are the second most popular pet in the United States. We share our homes, our lives, even our beds with them. Of the estimated 146 million cats in this country, half are our furry companions – the kitties who end up on YouTube, leaping in and out of boxes, interrupting our yoga practice, waking us up with a swift bat to the face. But what about the other half? The other cats who live outside of our houses, who call our cities and towns their “home?”
These cats are often unseen, having best adapted to life in the wild by avoiding humans altogether. These are feral cats – originally abandoned or lost domesticated cats that have reverted to a wild state and have bred and proliferated outside the confines of domestication. And proliferate they do! A pair of breeding feral cats and their offspring can produce up to 420,000 cats in a seven year period, and so it’s no surprise that these rising numbers influence the native ecosystem. As we know; cats are predators, feral cats largely fend for themselves and our local menu boasts a wide range of native wildlife.
How Feral Cats Influence Other Species
As a domesticated species distinct from their ancestors, feral cats are essentially an invasive species anywhere they are. This means that because they prey on native wildlife and have the ability to disrupt the natural ecosystem. Sadly, it is known that cats have caused the extinction of at least 33 species of bird globally. In the U.S., it is estimated that cats kill around one million birds every year – and these are conservative estimates.
Additionally, feral cat populations compete with other native predator species such as skunks, opposums, raccoons and foxes. Because humans are more accepting of wild cats, they are given a further advantage and can easily take over the territory of a native predatory species and grow unchecked.
Feral Cats and Disease
Disease can also be a problem when the population of feral cats rises. Cats are susceptible to Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline Infectious Peritonitis, rabies and common parasites. While a study in Northern Florida found that feral cats had similar prevalence of these diseases to companion cats, feral cats are much more likely to spread diseases and parasites to native wildlife.
How Can We Reduce Chance of Disease and Feral Cat Conflicts
“Enough of the doom and gloom!” I hear you say. “What can we do to help?”
Luckily there are a whole host of ways we can make life easier for the feral cats in our communities, which in turn helps out our native wildlife. But first, the cats.
Although supplementary feeding is not thought to completely eliminate cats’ tendencies to hunt, having an availability of good quality cat food (reducing the need to scavenge in garbage) can help Support immune health and reduce the likelihood of disease contraction. Providing fresh water is also key.
In addition, we can provide shelter for the cats. This helps them get through the winter months, reduces their likelihood of coming into conflict with humans, and helps prevent injuries that may result from living somewhere structurally unsafe. If this is sounding like something you want to do, check out Alley Cat Allies for in-depth information on how and where to construct feeding sites and shelters – a ton of information in one place!
TNR to Save the Day
“But, numbers!” you cry! “This doesn’t control the numbers of cats, if anything this creates the perfect conditions to watch the colony grow in size and produce adorable, fluffy kittens to set loose on our cardinals and cottontails!” Fear not – I’ve saved the best ‘til last.
TNR, Trap-Neuter-Return. You may have heard of it, and it’s an essential tool in reducing the number of feral cats in our communities, both for their own sake and for that of our ecosystem. I mentioned that one breeding pair of cats can produce 420,000 offspring in seven years. This staggering statistic goes to show why we have the duty to promote and encourage TNR programs.
The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) support it, as well as multiple other organizations and agencies. You may even have a local feral agency which you can get involved in – check out this map provided by HSUS to find a TNR group near you.
Bringing down the numbers of litters produced brings down the affect feral cats have on wildlife and aids them in coexisting in a much less destructive manner. Let’s TNR!
Image source: Chris Seward/Flickr
No trapping program in the world has been able to catch-up to cats\’ breeding rates, this is precisely why Trap & Kill failed as well as Trap, Neuter, Re-abandon (TNR) is an even bigger failure. Actively and aggressively hunting them down, employing "Hunted to Extinction" methods, is the ONLY way to get ahead of and stay ahead of cats\’ breeding rates, their ability to out-adapt to any trapping method used, and also the rates at which criminally-irresponsible cat-lickers let more invasive-species vermin cats be born and dumped illegally outdoors.
Licensing and laws do nothing to curb the problem. If cats are required to be licensed then these lying, deceitful, manipulative, and conniving cat-lickers just stop putting collars on their cats; as they did by me. And they won\’t even bother getting them micro-chipped, especially not that. They want absolutely nothing that can hold them legally accountable for their actions and the actions of their cats. We\’re not talking about the topmost responsible citizens of the world, you know. They don\’t want that responsibility of what they and their cats have done coming back on them. If they had even one iota of a sense of responsibility and respect for all other lives on this planet we wouldn\’t even be having these discussions.
Any non-native cat that is allowed to illegally hunt our native wildlife where I live then in turn gets hunted until dead. No delays, no excuses, NO EXCEPTIONS. That\’s the very best way to keep these invasive species vermin from destroying any more native wildlife or spreading any more of their 3dozen+ deadly diseases to all other animals and humans. They had annihilated all the wildlife on my lands for 15 years, until on advice of the Sheriff I shot and buried every last one of hundreds of their vermin cats for them (AS-IS THE LEGAL RIGHT OF EVERY LAND-OWNER). Collared or not — for you MUST destroy ALL stray collared cats as well, they are the very source of every last feral cat. If you don\’t destroy them too then you have done NOTHING to solve the feral cat problem. Guaranteed. All the cat-lickers by me told me for over a decade that all their "pet" cats were sterilized. But upon inspection during shooting and burying hundreds of them, NOT ONE of their cats was sterilized. Cat-advocates and cat-owners are manipulative and deceptive LIARS — one and all.
If you live where its not legal to use firearms (areas zoned as "residential") then check into 700-1200fps air-rifles and round-nosed vermin-pellets. Many of the new ones come with their own sound-suppressor designs built-in, specifically designed for shooting vermin cats in urban areas, the demand is that great. Just remember, shoot-to-kill is a perfectly legal way to rid your homes and lands of these diseased vermin cats. Shoot-to-maim is animal cruelty, and rightly so, all hunters know this. Don\’t let them parade another illegal shoot-to-maim case in the media to exploit yet another suffering cat for donations for themselves. They torture enough cats to death with their TNR programs for that and make $millions by doing so. (Check out Better Business Bureau\’s findings of "Alley Cat All Lies" for one example of how to become a multimillionaire by torturing stray cats to death by letting them roam free. https://web.archive.org/web/20131013073823/https://www.bbb.org/charity-reviews/national/animal-protection/alley-cat-allies-in-bethesda-md-107/financial They can\’t become millionaires if they euthanize them first! No, they need dead and suffering cats in all the streets of the world so when they find them dying of TNR "attrition" they can further exploit dead and injured cats for massive donations to their own bank-accounts. You too can become a deceptive, manipulative, and morally reprehensible $multimillionaire by following this animal-torturing and cyber-bullying business-model invented by Becky Robinson!)
Then there\’s always the "SSS and TDSS Cat Management Programs" that are exploding in popularity worldwide: Shoot, Shovel, & Shut-Up; or Trap, Drown, Shovel, & Shut-Up. Both methods are legal on every square foot of this earth. No local ordinances were violated if it never happened. In fact, most law-enforcement agencies prefer that you use either of those two methods so that these criminally-negligent cat-lickers don\’t cause even more problems for your community than they already have with their disease-infested vermin. As we ALL know, the only thing worse than having feral cats is drawing feral-cat-lickers (criminally irresponsible cat-hoarders) right to your door. They will do everything possible to destroy your life even further than they already have with their cats if they find out you are even thinking about destroying their vermin for them. Cat-lickers delusionally believe that any land on which a cat has stepped-foot is their own property and they can manipulate and control the owners and all laws on it. There are dozens of their cyber-stalking and cyber-bullying attacks on individuals, businesses, whole towns, and even corporations on a weekly basis. One time so bad that they even drove a loving veterinarian to suicide, and she only tried to save the life of one of their outdoor hoarded TNR cats. ( https://banvetabuse.blogspot.co.uk/2014_03_01_archive.html ) They will even send death-threats to Congressmen and their families. Google for: Oda Lawmakers Shun Security Threats
Here too is a good example of what will happen should even one of their TNR cats get ran-over by a car (or dies from any other form of their "loving and humane attrition") near your place of business or your home: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=747875778604304&set=o.37899252087 And here\’s what really happened: https://www.wtov9.com/news/features/top-stories/stories/alleged-animal-abuse-investigated-weirton-5308.shtml Someone not even associated with this business ran-over one of their free-roaming cats by accident. The fun part of this cyber-bullying attack (which, luckily the business-owners had excellent lawyers and were able to get most of their cyber-attack sites shut-down fast in one day, and sue the piss out of anyone involved), is that the group behind it all and supported by Alley-Cat-ALL-LIES (where I found the above facebook link still available) even admitted that those photos were from Europe over three years ago, another from China six years ago. https://www.chinasmack.com/2009/pictures/kittens-found-abused-dead-mother-kunming.html They just paste dead-cat photos around whatever business they want to destroy where any of their TNR cats get ran-over. Isn\’t TNR GREAT!! LOL
This is precisely why everyone is learning to destroy all cats on their properties as quickly and quietly as possible. Telling nobody beforehand about any cats even being there. Long before these psychotic cyber-bullying cat-licker sociopaths and psychopaths get wind of the cats. Shoot (or trap & drown) cats first — tell no-one later. The only thing worse than feral cats are feral cat-lickers. You can legally shoot the former, not the latter. You need to pay lawyers and courts to get rid of the latter. THEN you can get rid of their cats. And the sad part is, that\’s EXACTLY what happens, each and every time. People are wising-up. If ANY cats are around they destroy every last one of them first, before they make any other move. Before these cyber-bullying cat-lickers can do anything about it to try to destroy and waste everyone\’s lives even more than they already have with their disease-infested invasive-species vermin cats. Not quite the results that these sociopathic cat-lickers had intended, but that\’s what they\’re getting! :-)
Where cats have already learned to evade all trapping methods for trapping & drowning (and you aren\’t confident with firearms or air-rifles (local ordinances permitting)), then inexpensive generic acetaminophen (overseas paracetamol) pain-relievers are a more species-specific vermin poison (though harmful to most reptiles, which won\’t be dining on the cat-bait-foods that you\’ll be using) — a method condoned by even Audubon, Smithsonian, and National Geographic today. Stray cats have been listed as "vermin" since the early 1900\’s. (I learned this from a cat-licker. Thanks cat-lickers!) This is why it is even legal to use any and all vermin-poisons on them. For an even more species-specific vermin poison check into the toxicity of "Lilium" species of flowers too. Be certain the plant contains the word "Lilium" in the scientific-name (other plants with the word "Lily" in the common-name may be toxic to other species besides cats). Common N. American "Day Lilies" also work, they are the one exception to the rule that the name "Lilium" needs to be in the scientific name. Lilium species of flowers are 100% fatal to cats ONLY, even a bit of pollen on their fur that they lick-off will do. If they even drink a bit of water in which a bunch of Lilium flowers have been kept — that too is fatal, but totally harmless to all other species of animals (including dogs). Much safer for the environment and all other animals than the rat-poisons and antifreeze that cat-lickers have forced everyone into using on their cats. These plants when harvested and dried for year-round cat-eradication use is even better, as the unknown toxin is concentrated during the drying process (the blossoms and pollen being most toxic), and the dried plants are even more palatable to cats. An excellent mulch for anyone\’s garden or a ground-up additive for any tins of food left lying around.
However, you really need to dispose of that cat safely and hygienically so that wildlife won\’t die from the deadly diseases cats spread even after their death. Leaving ANY cat out in nature, alive OR dead, is no better than intentionally poisoning your native wildlife to death. I know this. I fed one of the hundreds of shot-dead cats on my lands to some wildlife under my care, those animals and their offspring that they had while under my care then died from some disease in that cat-meat. Cats truly are complete and total wastes-of-flesh. They can\’t even be used to feed wildlife safely.
I don\’t see anyone dumping cats where I live anymore. They don\’t even adopt more than can be kept under lock & key 24/7/52. When driving through the area I don\’t see even one cat on anyone\’s doorsteps anymore. I always keep an eye-out to see if there are more free-roaming cats that will have to be shot. And if I\’ll have to leave fish-oil trails on all the roadsides again, leading right to my IR surveillance system and laser-sighted rifle. (You can read the most effective methods I invented to rid my lands of hundreds of these vermin in only two seasons at this site: https://www.americanhunter.org/blogs/arkansas-will-trap-feral-cats The eradication of these vermin was so complete and effective that cats are non-existent from my area for FIVE years now. Not seen nor heard a single one. So much for that cat-lickers\’ oft-spewed and manipulative "vacuum effect" deception and lie too, eh?)
Leaving ANY of their invasive species cats outside in my area means certain death for their cat, its further existence can be counted in hours. You\’d think everyone else could learn from this simple lesson. The quickest way to solve an unwanted animal and irresponsible pet-owner problem is to let everyone know that you will quickly and humanely destroy every last one of their unwanted, uncared-for, or unsupervised animals for them. They either grow up fast or, far more plausible, dump their animals elsewhere to become someone else\’s problem.
You just can\’t be an enabler of criminally irresponsible spineless and heartless idiots — or they remain that way. (At least where you live, anyway.)
IF THERE ARE NOT DIRECT AND IMMEDIATE IRREVERSIBLE CONSEQUENCES TO PET-OWNERS\’ CRIMINALLY-NEGLIGENT AND CRIMINALLY-IRRESPONSIBLE BEHAVIORS AND VALUES THEN THEY LEARN ABSOLUTELY *NOTHING*.
How disappointing that people who subscribe to a blog called ONE GREEN PLANET and profess to care about all living creatures can be so violently hateful toward feral cats and continue to blame them for deaths of other animals – spouting "facts" that have been called into question and that don\’t even make sense when one gives them careful consideration. I find the initial article as disturbing in its portrayal of feral cats as the responses from readers. The number one reason for destruction of any and all wildlife on this planet is, as it always has been, human population. Shame on all of you for your great failure. Before it was mountain lions and wolves. Now that they are on the brink of extinction we continue to disregard the true facts that we, humans, are the biggest problem this planet faces. But no, lets blame the cats for birds disappearing. Not the skyscrapers, not the pesticides, not the destruction of habitat. Just cats. So sadly ignorant.
Hey moron! Cats ARE an activity of HUMANS. If there were no humans, there\’d be NONE of your invasive species cats ANYWHERE. On top of that, if you add-up ALL other human activities COMBINED they don\’t even come close to how many animals are being killed by YOUR vermin cats. On the order of 1 bird killed by ALL other human activities compared to 1,000 birds killed by humans and their CATS. Now add in all other types of animals, and that ratio becomes even WORSE. For every 1 animal killed by ALL other human activities, 20,000 ARE KILLED BY HUMAN\’S CATS.
Shove your denial and stupidity where you\’ve been keeping your head all your sorry and useless life.
While it is true that overpopulation of humans is the #1 problem that we and all other species face today (humans are a classified as a "weedy species", but they ARE NOT an "invasive species", please educate your sorry-a**ed bible-home-schooled selves); this still doesn\’t excuse all the responsible, wise, and intelligent people from stopping all the ecological disasters caused by those phenomenally stupid and criminally negligent people who should have never been born in the very first place. (You know, moronic and phenomenally ignorant imebeciles JUST LIKE YOU who don\’t even have clue-one on how the natural world works.)
Cats are a man-made (through selective breeding) invasive species. And as such, cats being a product of man, are no less of a man-made environmental disaster than any oil-spill, radiation-fallout, chemical-spill, or other environmental disaster _caused_by_man_. THESE MAN-MADE CATS ARE PURELY AN ACTIVITY OF HUMANS AND ARE THE #1 MAN-MADE CAUSE OF DESTRUCTION TO NATIVE WILDLIFE EVERYWHERE ON EARTH. Can\’t you Toxoplasma gondii brain-damaged fools get that through your heads yet? Cats are NOT exempt from being removed from every natural environment, wherever and whenever they are found away from supervised confinement. Just as you would destroy Burmese Pythons and African Cichlids in every habitat where they exist in N. America. They started out as pets too. Many of our destructive invasive species pests started out as PETS discarded by criminally-irresponsible humans. Guess what happens to all those other non-native pets that became destructive invasive species? They are destroyed on-site by any means possible — no questions asked — none required.
Cats are even worse than a multi-continent-sized oil-spill. They not only kill off rare marine-mammals along all coastlines (just as oil-spills do) from run-off from the land carrying cats\’ Toxoplasma gondii parasites, they also destroy the complete food-chain in every ecosystem where cats are found. From smallest of prey that is gutted and skinned alive, wasted for cats\’ tortured play-toys, up to the top predators — starved to death from cats destroying their ONLY foods. (Precisely what cats caused on my own lands not long ago.) They destroy everything that moves. They will even destroy native vegetation by destroying those animals that are pollinators or act as seed dispersers for those plants (as many rodent and bird species do) or those acting as plants\’ pest-control. Cats can and will wipe out whole ecosystems — animal and plant.
Cats need to disappear from all natural habitats PERMANENTLY, eventually, somehow. And the sooner the better. They are breeding out of control at an exponential rate. The reason for "sooner the better" is that you can only hope you can halt the problem before it is beyond the reach of any method you eventually choose. Luckily, I caught the problem in time where I live — by humanely shooting and burying every last cat I saw, hundreds, collared or not. (Collared strays are the very source of every last feral cat. If you don\’t destroy all stray collared cats too then you have done absolutely nothing to solve the problem.)
It seems nobody else is faring as well. Their time is being wasted by cat-lickers stopping them from doing the right thing. Asking or listening to any deranged invasive-species advocate for advice on how to clean up the ecological disaster that they created and are hellbent on perpetuating is about as useful as asking your local career thieves for their advice and help to hide your valuables from their daily motives and activities. Ignore anything they might say and you too will solve the problem where you live. People like that the problem, they cannot be part of the solution. The very moment that cat-lickers, who cause the problem, are cut from the solution-equation it instantly solves itself.
It worked 100% where I live. I\’ve not seen even ONE cat for five years now after shooting and burying hundreds of these disease-invested invasive-species vermin. The eradication was that complete and effective. (Also totally disproving that cat-lickers\’ deceptive and manipulative "vacuum effect" lie and myth.) Everyone else has only to follow what worked where I live to prove it to themselves now. A centuries\’-old cat problem solved in only 2 seasons of their time. And if you are lucky enough to get ammo on a close-out sale, as I did (5,000 rounds of .22s for only $15), you too can accomplish all this at the "exorbitant cost" of only THREE CATS PER PENNY! 1/3rd-cent PER CAT! Total cost less than the price of a couple cups of coffee for a problem of hundreds of cats. Each cat sterilized against ALL of their 3dozen+ deadly zoonotic diseases (for which some of the most deadly that cats spread don\’t even have vaccines against them and are therefor listed as bio-terrorism agents), each cat sterilized so they can no-longer reproduce, and each cat also given a permanent "loving furever home" (2-3 ft. under) so they can no longer destroy anymore of our valuable native wildlife. A TOTAL solution affordable to anyone, any size of community! With no further costs incurred by ANYONE EVER AGAIN.
If none of you let your disease-infested invasive-species vermin illegally roam free then none of that would happen, now would it. Your fault!
Either finally grow-up into respectable and responsible humans who actually care about their 100%-expendable pets, or keep getting your cats shot and poisoned to death. What will it be?
Love \’em or lose \’em!
Bottom line: If you don\’t want to take care of your cat in the manner that YOU see fit, then I guarantee you that I WILL take care of your cat in the manner that I see fit — ONE TIME. And it only takes one time. See one, shoot one, A.S.A.P. Simple as that. (I lost count after 500.)
YOUR CHOICE!
Do you actually love your vermin? Or are you just using it as a highly expendable animal-sacrifice to manipulate everyone? I guess we\’ll find out when your piece-of-sh** vermin never comes home.
PSA: The time is now …. Half-Past Kill-Kitty O\’Clock …. do you know where your piece-of-sh**, disease-infested, invasive species, ecological disaster, vermin cat is? If not, grab a shovel and I\’ll show you where its new "loving furever-home" is now.
KILL ALL FERAL CATS & KITTENS!!!!!!!! Worthless wildlife killers & disease spreading vermin. U ignorant fat cat loving
MORON!!
There\’s vast amounts of money to be made if you torture unwanted cats to death and then parade them in the media for donations.
Can you spell "Hoax" & "Fraud"?
These TNR cat-lickers (criminal outdoor-cat-hoarders) who re-spew all the highly manipulative and deceptive lies and misinformation of Alley-Cat-All-Lies didn\’t do their due-diligence research.
Here\’s the very first link that any of their followers and supporters should have checked out.
https://web.archive.org/web/20131013073823/https://www.bbb.org/charity-reviews/national/animal-protection/alley-cat-allies-in-bethesda-md-107/financial
(It looks like Alley-Cat-All-Lies forced BBB to take down the original pages (for being outdated?), to no-doubt run from proof of all their past activities, but these web-archive pages still exist. :-) It appears that BBB refuses to re-evaluate them, and for good reason, the first decade was ENOUGH PROOF. Or is it because "Alley Cat ALL LIES" doesn\’t want anyone to see their financial reports anymore? Read on …)
They don\’t even meet the criteria to qualify for being a reputable charity organization under "Better Business Bureau" standards. While Becky and all her close friends are laughing all the way to the bank to the tune of over $5M in assets with more than a $7M yearly income. (Their 2013 financial report puts their income at well over $7.2M. No sign of any further financial reports from them for two to three years since this has become widely known. What are they hiding?)
They all flew to Hawaii in the fall of 2013 for another "cat-conference" because, for some unknown reason, they had to be there to discuss these issues. I wonder how many cats could have been saved from freezing to the pavement each winter from the price of all their flights and lodging and luxurious food, drink, and entertainment in Hawaii? But these TNR group-leaders were so warm and having so much fun! For 2014 they partied in Atlantic-City, Reno, and Vegas! No doubt feeding slot-machines and gyrating g-strings with everyone else\’s money.
For another good laugh check out how much Becky and her friends have been paying themselves with everyone else\’s money.
https://web.archive.org/web/20131013073823/https://www.bbb.org/charity-reviews/national/animal-protection/alley-cat-allies-in-bethesda-md-107/governance-and-staff
According to their 2012 Income-Tax "Form 990", each of their top employees get paid anywhere from $150,000 to $185,000 PER YEAR. "Not for profit", my ASS!
https://www.alleycat.org/file/document-management—who-we-are/2012_Form_990_ACA.pdf
They have been launching some damage-control with their "Future Five" program to prove to everyone their true and trustworthy intentions. Awarding a princely $5,000 grant to some deserving group. $5,000 is less than 0.1% of their assets, 0.07% of their 2013 income. They might as well just sh** in the face of every last fool that ever donated to them.
Support yet another organization that exploits and perpetuates the suffering of animals for their own personal financial gain, then try to sleep well at night.
This is even more "rich". I recently discovered that anyone who posts a request for financial help on Alley-Cat-All-Lies Facebook pages is then referred to this page of theirs: https://www.alleycat.org/economy
Not ONE link on that page refers to getting actual financial help from Alley-Cat-All-Lies themselves. And even more rich, their very first resource that they send people to, to feed their feral cats, is a national food-bank organization where people donate food to feed needy humans. They are taking the food out of the mouths of needy human infants to feed their diseased vermin cats.
I don\’t think I\’ve seen a sadder and more sorry and despicable case of "charity" in my whole life before this.
Oh wait, that\’s right. I forgot. You MUST throw cats out into the streets with Becky Robinson\’s TNR programs so they get ran-over by cars or attacked by other cats or other animals, get eaten from the inside-out by parasites or die any other of the myriad heinous and inhumane ways that nearly every last TNR cat dies from "loving attrition". Then when you find them suffering to death from TNR\’s "humane death by attrition", you can parade them in the media to ask for even more $millions in donations to line your own pockets. This is why HSUS and SPCA loves TNR so much too. You can\’t exploit suffering cats for $millions if you humanely euthanize them first! Oh no, you need them to die publicly in the streets if you are going to get any money from cats. It\’s the ONLY value they have now — to suffer to death so those who exploit them can get wealthy.
It\’s the new money-making scam! Torture cats to death with TNR and then as they die-off from "attrition" exploit them in the media for even more money! You too can become a deceptive, manipulative, and morally reprehensible $millionaire by following this animal-torturing business-model invented by Becky Robinson!
My mistake. Carry on.
Finally, someone who get it. TNR is not effective. Cats are invasive species and take a HUGE toll on our native wildlife. The only effective solution is to eliminate feral colonies and keep all pet Cats indoors. PERIOD. I am sick and tired of all these cat lovers refusing to accept the facts.
I posted some more information above, that will help you to permanently get rid of every last one of these invasive species cats, often for less than 1-cent per cat (if you get your ammo on a close-out sale as I did, 5000 rounds of .22s for only $15, that comes to ridding your lands and lives of them at 3 cats per penny). These methods work no matter where you live, no matter what laws govern your lives.